Background:

On June 24, 2002, President Bush set forth the conditions that the Palestinian Arabs must fulfill in order to merit U.S. support for the creation of a Palestinian Arab state. Among the major obligations are that the Palestinian Arabs must “dismantle the terrorist infrastructure,” “end incitement,” “elect new leaders not compromised by terror,” and unequivocally embrace democracy and free market economics. None of those conditions were fulfilled.

In March 2003, Yasir Arafat chose Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen), the number two man in the PLO since the 1960s, as the new prime minister of the Palestinian Authority. Mazen took office on April 29, 2003. Less than a day later, the Bush administration unveiled its “Road Map” plan, which set forth conditions that the Palestinian Arabs must fulfill prior to the creation of a Palestinian Arab state.

On September 6, 2003, Abbas resigned; the next day, Arafat named his replacement— Ahmed Qurei, speaker of the PA’s Legislative Council and number three man in the PLO. On October 6, 2003, Qurei was officially named prime minister of the PA.

The Road Map requires the Palestinian Arabs to undertake concrete steps to combat terrorist groups and democratize Palestinian Arab society. Those obligations, which are quoted below, were supposed to have been fulfilled during Phase 1 of the Road Map, which concluded at the end of May 2003, but they were not.

This report analyzes Palestinian Arab violations of those obligations during the 36th week following the unveiling of the Road Map plan, Dec. 30, 2003 – Jan. 5, 2004.

I. “Cease All Violence”

What They Are Required to Do: The Road Map states: “In Phase 1 [May 2003], the Palestinians immediately undertake an unconditional cessation of violence.” They did not do so.

What They Did During Week #36: During week #36, Dec. 30, 2003 – Jan. 5, 2004, there were at least 27 terrorist attacks or attempted attacks, in which 9 people were wounded.

(During the first 36 weeks since the Road Map was issued, there have been a total of at least 713 Palestinian Arab terrorist attacks or attempted attacks, in which 135 people were murdered and 725 wounded.)

December 30: Attack on motorists on the Halhoul bypass road north of Hebron … Shooting attack on Israeli soldiers south of Jenin … Firebombs thrown at Israeli soldiers in Shechem (Nablus) … Bomb planted near Beit Shemesh … Bomb planted near Morag … Mortar rocket fired at a Jewish neighborhood in northern Gaza … Shooting attack on Israeli soldiers south of Ramallah … Motorists attacked near Kedumim.

December 31: Shooting attack on Israeli soldiers in Gaza.

January 1: Mortar rocket fired at an Israeli vehicle near Pe’at Sadeh … Mortar rocket fired at Sderot … Shooting attack on an Israeli Army vehicle in Gush Katif … Shooting attack on motorists near Netzarim … Shooting attack on Israeli soldiers in Gush Katif … Shooting attack on Israeli soldiers in Netzarim … Bomb attack on Israeli soldiers in Shechem (Nablus); two wounded.

January 2: Shooting attack on Israeli soldiers in Gaza.

January 3: Shooting attack on Israeli soldiers in Gaza.

January 4: Mortar rockets fired at Gush Katif, in Gaza.

January 5: Mortar rockets fired at Gush Katif, in Gaza … Three mortar rockets fired near Morag … Bombs planted under a road east of Rafiah … Shooting attack on Israeli soldiers north of Ramallah … Anti-tank missile fired at Israeli soldiers operating along the Egypt-Israel border … Shooting attack on an Israeli Army base in Gush Katif … Attack on Israeli Border Police near Har Gilo; seven wounded.

II. “Call for Recognizing Israel and Ending Violence”

What They Are Required to Do: The Road Map obligates the Palestinian Arabs to “issue an unequivocal statement reiterating Israel’s right to exist in peace and security and calling for an immediate and unconditional cease-fire to end armed activity and all acts of violence against Israelis anywhere.”

What They Did During Week #36: No such statement was issued.

III. “Arrest, Disrupt, and Restrain Terrorists”

What They Are Required to Do: The Road Map obligates the Palestinian Arabs to “undertake visible efforts on the ground to arrest, disrupt and restrain individuals and groups conducting and planning violent attacks on Israelis anywhere.”

What They Did During Week #36: No such steps were taken.

IV. “Confiscate Terrorists’ Weapons”

What They Are Required to Do: The Road Map obligates the Palestinian Arabs to “commence confiscation of illegal weapons.”

What They Did During Week #36: No such steps were taken.

V. “Dismantle the Terrorist Infrastructure”

What They Are Required to Do: The Road Map obligates the Palestinian Arabs to carry out the “dismantlement of terrorist capabilities and infrastructure.”

What They Did During Week #36: The PA did not outlaw Hamas, Islamic Jihad, Fatah, or any other terrorist groups; there were no reports of the PA shutting down any bomb factories or terrorists’ training camps; the PA continued to ignore Israel’s 45 requests for the extradition of terrorists; there were no reports of the PLO leadership punishing PLO factions that are engaged in terrorism, such as the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP). Prime Minister Ahmed Qurei told the PA-affiliated newspaper Al Ayam on October 7, 2003: “We will not confront, we will not go for a civil war.”

VI. “End All Incitement”

What They Are Required to Do: The Road Map requires that “all official Palestinian institutions end incitement against Israel.”

What They Did During Week #36: The PA’s official newspapers, television, and radio continued to broadcast a steady stream of anti-Israel, anti-American, and pro-violence incitement, and PA officials continued to make inciting statements. In addition, there was no change in the PA’s policy of inciting support for terror by publicly praising terrorists, naming streets after them, and paying salaries to imprisoned terrorists and their families.

VII. “End Arab States’ Support for Terror”

What They Are Required to Do: The Road Map states that during May 2003, “Arab states cut off public and private funding and all other forms of support for groups supporting and engaging in violence and terror.”

What They Did During Week #36: There were no reports of any Arab states cutting off their support for Palestinian Arab terrorist groups.

VIII. “Consolidate Security Forces”

What They Are Required to Do: The Road Map obligates the Palestinian Arabs to undertake “consolidation of security authority, free of association with terror and corruption”; and “all Palestinian security organizations are consolidated into three services reporting to an empowered interior minister.”

What They Did During Week #36: Five different PA security organizations, including Force 17 and the General Intelligence, remain under Arafat’s direct command. Military Intelligence, the National Security Forces, and the naval forces are also under Arafat’s control. Only the remaining two security agencies are under the Interior Minister.

IX. “Institute Democratic Reforms”

What They Are Required to Do: The Road Map requires the Palestinian Arabs to undertake a number of steps to transform their brutal, corrupt dictatorial regime into a full-fledged democracy, including “action on a credible process to draft constitution for Palestinian statehood”; the holding of “free, open, and fair elections”; and “steps to achieve genuine separation of powers, including any necessary Palestinian legal reforms for this purpose.”

What They Did During Week #36: No such steps were taken.